About the Report 

Natural gas has traditionally been a significant component of the energy portfolios in the CEE region, serving as a bridge fuel in the transition from coal to cleaner energy sources. However, the reliance on gas varies among these countries. For instance, the Czech Republic has consistently seen natural gas account for around 20% of its total energy consumption, with domestic production meeting only 2-3% of demand. Conversely, Romania has leveraged its substantial domestic production to cover a larger share of its gas needs, reducing its dependency on imports.

Considering production and self-sufficiency, Romania stands out in the region for its significant natural gas production, ranking second in the EU after the Netherlands in 2023. Its production increased by 1.7% on average between 2022-2024, highlighting its role in enhancing energy self-sufficiency. In contrast, other CEE countries like Poland and Croatia have limited domestic production capabilities. Poland, for example, has focused on expanding its LNG infrastructure to diversify its gas sources.
The CEE region has historically exhibited high dependency on natural gas imports, particularly from Russia.
This high dependency underscores the region's vulnerability to external supply disruptions. The cessation of Russian gas flows through Ukraine on January 1, 2025, following the expiry of a transit agreement, significantly impacted countries like Hungary and Slovakia, which had to adjust their gas import strategies accordingly.

In response to the need for diversification, CEE countries have sought alternative gas suppliers. Norway and the United States have emerged as key partners, with increased LNG imports helping to offset the decline in Russian gas. Poland and Croatia, for instance, have developed LNG terminals to facilitate imports from these countries. Additionally, countries like Hungary have engaged in agreements to import gas from Azerbaijan's Shah Deniz field, further diversifying their supply sources.


Report Content


  • Regional Overview: The role of gas in Europe’s energy mix, trends in production, import dependency, and main trading partners.
  • Consumption and Trade: Information on consumption, export, and import volumes in the CEE and EU, alongside price trends and storage capacity.
  • EU Policy: An explanation of key policy measures affecting the sector, including Gas Storage Regulation.
  • Competitive Landscape: A ranking of the leading companies by revenue, alongside a brief profile of their operations and future plans.
  • Investment Projects: An overview of ongoing and planned initiatives, from LNG terminals and pipelines to storage facilities.
  • Country Profiles: Sector snapshots for each CEE country (Poland, Romania, Czechia, Hungary, Slovakia, and Croatia) - from production and consumption trends to storage, pricing, and infrastructure.


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